How to Stop Your Pipes from Freezing This Winter: A Complete Homeowner’s Guide
The good news is that with the right preparation, you can easily prevent this from happening. Understanding why pipes freeze, and learning a few simple prevention techniques, can protect your home all winter long.
Why Do Pipes Freeze?
Pipes freeze because of a simple scientific reaction — water expands when it turns into ice. As the ice expands inside the pipe, it increases internal pressure. When that pressure becomes too great, it can cause the pipe to crack or burst.
Certain areas of a home are especially prone to freezing, including:
- Uninsulated spaces like attics, basements, and crawl spaces
- Pipes located along exterior walls
- Garages or outdoor utility rooms without heating
How to Prevent Frozen Pipes
There are many simple and low-cost ways to protect your plumbing system from winter temperatures. These measures can save you from emergency repairs and the stress that comes with water damage.
1. Insulate Your Pipes
Start by insulating any pipes that are exposed or located in unheated areas. Use foam pipe insulation or rubber sleeves to cover the pipes completely. Insulation helps retain heat and reduces the risk of freezing, even when outdoor temperatures fall below freezing.
Don’t forget to insulate areas you may not see often — such as crawl spaces or behind cabinets near exterior walls.
2. Seal Gaps and Cracks
Cold air can enter your home through small gaps and cracks around windows, doors, and wall penetrations where pipes pass through. Use caulk or weather stripping to seal these openings and block drafts.
Even a small air leak can make a big difference when the temperature drops. Sealing your home not only prevents frozen pipes but also improves energy efficiency by reducing heat loss.
3. Keep Cabinet Doors Open
Pipes under sinks, especially those along exterior walls, are at higher risk of freezing. Keep the cabinet doors open to allow warm air from your home’s heating system to circulate around those pipes.
This simple step can make a significant difference overnight during cold snaps.
4. Let Faucets Drip
When temperatures are expected to fall below freezing, let a small stream of water run from your faucets. Flowing water is less likely to freeze. Even a slow trickle can relieve pressure inside the pipes and prevent them from bursting if ice starts to form.
Focus on faucets connected to exposed pipes or those farthest from the main water source.
5. Maintain a Consistent Indoor Temperature
Many homeowners try to lower the thermostat at night or when leaving home to save on energy bills. However, drastic temperature changes can increase the risk of frozen pipes.
Keep your thermostat set at a consistent temperature, both day and night, ideally no lower than 55°F (13°C). If you plan to be away for several days, keep your heating system on low to maintain warmth inside your walls.
6. Drain and Disconnect Outdoor Faucets
Before the first freeze of the season, disconnect garden hoses and drain any outdoor water lines. Water left in exterior faucets can freeze and expand, damaging the pipes inside your home’s walls.
Once disconnected, install insulated faucet covers or foam protectors for added protection against freezing temperatures.
7. Install Heat Tape or Heating Cables
For pipes that are particularly prone to freezing — such as those in garages, crawl spaces, or exterior walls — consider using electric heat tape or heating cables.
These products work like an electric blanket for your pipes. When installed correctly, they automatically turn on during cold weather and keep the pipes warm enough to prevent freezing.
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for safe use.
Additional Winter Plumbing Tips
Keeping your pipes safe during winter isn’t just about insulation and temperature control — it’s about regular awareness and maintenance. Here are a few additional habits that can make a big difference:
Inspect Your Plumbing System Regularly
Before winter arrives, do a thorough inspection of your plumbing system. Check for leaks, corrosion, or weak joints that might fail under pressure. Small problems can become serious during a freeze.
Leave the Heat On During Trips
If you’re traveling during the holidays or away from home for several days, do not turn your heating system off completely. Keep it set to at least 55°F (13°C) to prevent indoor temperatures from dropping too low.
You can also ask a trusted neighbor to check your home periodically while you’re away.
Know Where Your Main Water Shutoff Valve Is
In the event of a burst pipe, acting quickly can minimize damage. Familiarize yourself with the location of your main water shutoff valve — typically found near the water meter or where the main line enters your home.
Being able to shut off your water supply immediately can save thousands of dollars in potential damage.
What to Do If Your Pipes Freeze
Even with the best precautions, sometimes pipes still freeze. If you suspect a frozen pipe, follow these steps:
- Turn off the main water supply immediately to prevent flooding if the pipe bursts.
- Open all faucets to relieve pressure in the lines.
- Use gentle heat — such as a hair dryer or portable space heater — to warm the frozen area gradually. Never use open flames or torches, as they pose serious fire risks.
- Check for leaks once the pipe thaws, and call a professional plumber if you notice any cracks or drips.
Conclusion: Protecting Your Home from Winter Plumbing Problems
Winter weather doesn’t have to bring plumbing disasters. With a little preparation and ongoing attention, you can easily keep your pipes from freezing and avoid costly repairs.
To recap, focus on these essential steps:
- Insulate exposed pipes
- Seal air leaks around walls and windows
- Maintain a steady indoor temperature
- Drain outdoor faucets
- Use heat tape where needed
- Monitor your plumbing throughout the season
A few hours of preventive effort before winter sets in can save you hundreds or even thousands of dollars in potential water damage later on. Stay proactive, stay warm, and keep your plumbing system safe all season long.